SUMMARY OF LECTURE:
First we discussed types of dictionaries we know, in particular internet dictionaries. I still don’t know which internet dictionaries are useful or reliable. Maybe something to research!
The video of Erin McKean was funny. She is an intelligent lexicographer, entertaining and very cute!
HOMEWORK
Revision: megastructure, macrostructure
● What is the
– Megastructure = is the entire structure of the dictionary, including the front matter, abbreviations and explainations of grammar.
– Macrostructure = is the organization of lexical entries into the body of a dictionary into
a) lists
b) trees
c) networks
of a lexicon? Give examples.
● What is a
– Semasiological = you have word and are looking for the meaning i.e. reader's dictionary, decoding dictionary.
– Onomasiological = have meaning and are looking for the word i.e. writer's dictionary, encoding dictionary.
dictionary? Give examples
Questions: megastructure
· Give examples of the kinds of information contained in each of these structure types.
Ø The front matter = metadata, content, preface, instructions of use, etc.
Ø abbreviations and explanations of grammar = CIA (abbrev.) Central Intelligence Agency: a federal….djahsidhasiu. Adverb etc
Ø the body of the dictionary = Words from A-Z
Ø the back matter =
Question: macrostructure
· Are semasiological macrostructures more like lists, trees, or networks? Lists (a-z)
Revision: microstructure
● What is the microstructure of a dictionary? Microstructure is the consistent organization of lexical information within lexical entries in the dictionary.
● What kind of lexical information is contained in a dictionary's microstructure? The properties of linguistic units such as: Form (Semantics, Pragmatics), Structure (Syntax, Morphology) and Content/Rendering (Pronunciation, Orthography)
● Describe the two dimensions of types of lexical information. a) Onomasiological: you have meaning and are looking for the word. b) Semasiological: you have word and are looking for meaning.
● How do you define “definition”? Definition is the statement of the exact meaning of a word. Give examples: Merkin (noun) artificial covering of hair for the pubic area.
Questions: microstructure
- How many types of lexical information can you find? 3, Form (cf. appearance), Structure (cf. formulation), Content (cf. meanings)
- Is the microstructure of a semasiological dictionary typically a list, a tree or a network? Tree, because the definition is first detailed and minimal like the ‘trunk’ then it examples and other information ‘branches out’, giving a broader definition of the words.
- What kind of structure do the combined macrostructure and microstructure of a semasiological dictionary have? Network, because of the arrangement of intersecting definitions.
- And an onomasiological dictionary? List Structure (listing of synonyms in a thesaurus) and Network Structure because each word is linked by definition.
Revision: mesostructure
● What is the mesostructure of a dictionary? the set of relations between lexical entries and other entries.
● Give examples for mesostructural elements concerning
Ø Types of information with reference to the sign model:
Modality: orthography, phonology(pronunciation i.e. eddy ed.dy
Grammar: POS, Gender, Morphology, Inflection Class i.e. ‘edi, n ed|dy
Object semantics: Definition: a circular movement of water, wind, dust, smoke, etc.
Ø Linguistic description references: use of abbreviations for parts of speech, characterizations of spelling, mini-grammar. i.e. etc. n
Ø Cross-references between related entries: co-hyponyms (synonyms, antonyms…) circular movement?
Ø Corpus references: the little paper boat was caught in an eddy and spun around and around in the water.
Task:
● Take one of your dictionaries, and describe in as much detail as possible its
– megastructure: none
– macrostructure: search engine
– microstructure: onomasiological
– mesostructure: Types of information: orthography, Grammar, Definition, Morphology
Linguistic description: pl.; no obj.
Corpus references: the mists from the river eddied round the banks
Dictionary: Sharp electronic Oxford Dictionary of English
GLOSSARY
Megastructure: mega|structure (noun) the entire structure of the dictionary, including the front matter, abbreviations and explainations of grammar.
Macrostructure: macro|structure (noun) organization of lexical entries into the body of a dictionary. For example into lists, trees and networks.
Microstructure: micro|structure (noun) the consistent organization of lexical information within lexical entries in the dictionary. For example form, structure and content.
Mesostructure: meso|structure (noun) the set of relations between lexical entries and other entries. Origin meso meaning middle or intermediate
Metadate: (noun) a set of data that describes and gives information about other data i.e. publication details, contents
Semasiology: the branch of knowledge that deals with concepts and terms that represent them. For example you know the word and are looking for its meaning.
Onomasiology: the branch of knowledge that deals with terminology, in particular contrasting terms or similar concepts, an in a thesaurus.
Synecdoche: a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa , as in England lost by six wickets (meaning ‘the English cricket team)
Polysemy: the coexistence of many possible meanings for a word or phrase. Origin: poly- many + Greek sema ‘sign’.
erinaceaous: pertaining to the hedgehog family
Serendipity: occurrence and development of the events by chance in a happy or beneficial way.
LINKS
http://www.ted.com/talks/view/id/161
TRIVIA
Life is a cold Lasagna – Emo song
‘Internet = words + enthusiasm’ – Erin McKean
‘ham–butt problem’: the ham was originally too big for the pan, so the butt was cut off.
Wiebke: weib!
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